Interest of red extraction enzymes

COMPLEXITY OF PECTIN STRUCTURE AS A FUNCTION OF THE LOCATION OF THE GRAPE BERRY CELLS.

Research programme (2013-2016) – BIOLAFFORT® in collaboration with John P. Moore’s team (University of Stellenbosch).

Schematic diagrams inspired by the “HYPOTHETICAL MODEL OF THE GRAPE WALL – Yu Gao” – 2016.

• PULP CELLS

Pectin structure: mainly composed of galacturonic acid, with little branching. This constitutes the main, linear chain of the pectin.
Technical objectives of the enzyme:
• Optimisation of pulp extraction while pressing.
• Optimised depectinisation and clarification of juices.

For this application, a suitable enzymatic formulation must mainly be composed of pectinases (PL, PG and PME*).

• PULP – SKIN CELLS

Pectin structure made up of linear parts (main chain) and branched portions (secondary chains).
Technical objectives of the enzyme:
• Extraction of compounds of interest.
• Increase in juice extraction yield.
• Depectinisation and clarification of juices and wines.

For this application, the enzyme formulation must combine the main activities (PL, PG and PME) and secondary activities. that promote the degradation of the branched portions and give the pectinases access to the main chain.

• SKIN CELLS

Pectin structure made up of linear parts (main chain) and many branched and complex portions (secondary chains).
Technical objectives of the enzyme:
• Extraction of compounds responsible for improved mouthfeel or softening tannins, e.g. Rhamnogalacturonan II.
• Increase in juice extraction yield.
• Depectinisation and clarification of wines.

For this application, the enzyme formulation must combine the main activities (PL, PG and PME) and specific secondary activities such as Rhamnogalacturonase II for the extraction of positive compounds of interest.

IMPACT OF RED EXTRACTION ENZYMES ON FINISHED WINES.

Actions common to all LAFFORT® red extraction enzymes.

• QUANTITATIVE OPTIMISATION:
  Increasing the volume of wine, especially free-run wine in relation to the total volume.

Wine volumes when pressing: free-run and press wine

Pilot-scale study carried out at the LAFFORT® experimental cellar.

• QUALITATIVE OPTIMISATION:

Improving the release of compounds of interest and facilitating clarification steps for the preparation of wines for bottling.

Average degrees of polymerisation – Merlot

Study carried out at the LAFFORT® experimental cellar (2 hL tank, enzyme doses of 3.5 g/100 kg of grapes).
DPm is a marker for the extraction of skin tannins. A higher value corresponds to more supple tannins.
This study illustrates the capacity of LAFASE™ FRUIT and LAFASE™ HE GRAND CRU to extract cellular compounds of interest by the selectivity of their enzymatic spectrum of action.

This tasting was carried out by 19 trained tasters on a Merlot wine after malolactic fermentation.

The wine-making conditions were identical. Enzyme doses of 3.5 g/100 kg of grapes.

* Statistically significant.